The start of international movie companies started because of the emergence of Hong Kong and Bombay film industries. Nollywood and Bollywood have existed and were created at similar times to when Hollywood came about. Both have their own unique style, with Hollywood have more unique stories and a higher budget for their films, with Bollywood having very little budget and focusing more on simple stories and archetypal set-ups. Nollywood goes even further down with even less budget and an almost home-made style quality to them. Korean films also have their own tropes, usually recycling them for certain stories. Even though Hollywood is obviously more well-known and earns the most money, Bollywood has the highest tickets sales out of all the filming company. This is probably because going to the movie for a Bollywood movie is more of an event than it is going to the movies in other countries. The ‘Contra-flow’ are shifting the direction of of cultural influence to the Global South because of blurred boundaries between modern and traditional culture, national and global culture. Ashish Rajadhyaksha brings up the importance of Bollywood cinema and how much of an impact it has on Indian culture. He claims that ”Bollywood, based on Mumbai, has become a global industry. India’s entertainment moguls don’t merely target the billion South Asians, or desis, at home: they make slick movies, songs and TV shows for export”. Nollywood, being Nigeria’s film industry, is the third largest film industry in the world. It emerged in the in the early 1900s, never screened in a movie theater and are direct-to-video movies. They draw on traditional characters and situations as well as television series. They contain a mixture of melodrama and magical culture, corruption as a motif. They adopt new technologies as soon as they become affordable. Onookome Okome has said that ”While there is no doubt that Nollywood exhibits the hybrid character that is obvious in many forms of African popular arts, it is its acute notation of locality that gives it an unprecedented acceptability as the local cinema expression in Nigeria”. The Korean Wave is the increase in global popularity of South Korean culture since the 1990s. South Korea is now a brisk exporter of music, TV programming, and films. The reasons for its popularity could come from its high income level and high production values, cultural proximity and affinity with neighboring Asian country, etc. South Korean films obtain critical and commercial success, known for being dark and engages problems with contemporary South Korean Society. Their movies create themes and explore issues that can connect more with the Korean audience than with Western audiences. South Korea was more concerned about fending off cultural domination by China and Japan than in spreading its own culture abroad but has nonetheless emerged as Asia’s pop culture leader. With various different outlets that show off ethic culture such as K-pop, anime, and K-dramas, they have become a lot more mainstream. These film industries, while not being as popular or as wealthy as Hollywood, they have still left a lasting impact the world.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464937032000060195